To improve mobile health application (mHealth) use, developers often send push notifications to users. Messages that utilize dynamic user data can adapt to users’ changing behavior and have the potential to further improve mHealth use and behavior change by delivering the right support at the right time. However, existing behavior change theories are either static in nature or lack temporal specificity. We consider dynamic feedback loops proposed by Social Cognitive Theory to understand how goal and social feedback messages dynamically impact mHealth use during goal pursuit. Using a micro-randomized trial design (n=61) and a custom-developed mHealth application, our findings suggest that the impact of goal and social feedback messages on mHealth use varies based on if users are in the beginning, middle, or end stage of goal pursuit. Moreover, use of specific mHealth features subsequently impacts physical activity behavior. Theoretical reasons for these findings and future research opportunities are discussed.
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