Questionnaire: Embarrassment in Medical Consultations (EmMed)
Scherer, Karin Antonia
;
Blum, Anja K.
;
Büdenbender, Björn
;
Grüne, Britta
;
Kriegmair, Maximilian C.
;
Michel, Maurice S.
;
Alpers, Georg W.
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Scherer et al_2025_Questionnaire_Embarrassment in Medical Consultations (EmMed).pdf
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URN:
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urn:nbn:de:bsz:180-madoc-694361
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Document Type:
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Report
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Year of publication:
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2025
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Place of publication:
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Mannheim
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Publishing house:
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Universität Mannheim
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Publication language:
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English
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Institution:
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School of Social Sciences > Klinische u. Biologische Psychologie u. Psychotherapie (Alpers 2010-)
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Subject:
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150 Psychology 610 Medicine and health
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Individual keywords (German):
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partizipative Entscheidungsfindung , PEF , Patientenbeteiligung , Uroonkologie , Scham , EmMed
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Keywords (English):
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shared decision-making , patient-clinician interaction , patient participation , participation preference , embarrassment , urology , urooncology , EmMed
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Abstract:
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The EmMed is a questionnaire to assess perceived embarrassment in medical encounters as well as associated avoidance behavior and decision-making impairment. It consists of three sections. In the first section, the EmMed assesses perceived embarrassment elicited by lack of medical knowledge, appearance and function of the body, medical examinations, stigmatization of diseases, intimate questions, and missing treatment compliance in the past. Items were developed based on prior research (Consedine et al., 2007; Mayer & Vanderheiden, 2019) and theoretical considerations regarding the elicitors and effects of embarrassment in medical encounters. After consulting with several psychologists and urologists, items were revised with feedback from urological patients. The 21 items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Sum scores are calculated and transformed with min-max normalization to range from 0 to 100 (EmMed Score), with higher values indicating a higher level of perceived embarrassment.
In a second section, the EmMed questionnaire assesses whether the participant has ever shown health-related avoidance behavior (for example, skipping a health appointment or an examination) because of embarrassment provoked by any of the mentioned elicitors (7 items). In the third section, a single item assesses whether the participants’ decision-making was ever impaired by perceived embarrassment.
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Translation of the title:
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EmMed Fragebogen: Embarrassment in Medical Consultations
(German)
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 | Dieser Eintrag ist Teil der Universitätsbibliographie. |
 | Das Dokument wird vom Publikationsserver der Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim bereitgestellt. |
Search Authors in
BASE:
Scherer, Karin Antonia
;
Blum, Anja K.
;
Büdenbender, Björn
;
Grüne, Britta
;
Kriegmair, Maximilian C.
;
Michel, Maurice S.
;
Alpers, Georg W.
Google Scholar:
Scherer, Karin Antonia
;
Blum, Anja K.
;
Büdenbender, Björn
;
Grüne, Britta
;
Kriegmair, Maximilian C.
;
Michel, Maurice S.
;
Alpers, Georg W.
ORCID:
Scherer, Karin Antonia ; Blum, Anja K. ; Büdenbender, Björn ; Grüne, Britta ; Kriegmair, Maximilian C. ; Michel, Maurice S. ; Alpers, Georg W. ORCID: 0000-0001-9896-5158
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