Questionnaire: Power Asymmetry in Medical Encounters (PA-ME)


Scherer, Karin Antonia ; Büdenbender, Björn ; Blum, Anja K. ; Grüne, Britta ; Kriegmair, Maximilian C. ; Michel, Maurice S. ; Alpers, Georg W.


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URN: urn:nbn:de:bsz:180-madoc-695768
Document Type: Report
Year of publication: 2025
Place of publication: Mannheim
Publishing house: Universität Mannheim
Publication language: English
Institution: School of Social Sciences > Klinische u. Biologische Psychologie u. Psychotherapie (Alpers 2010-)
Subject: 150 Psychology
610 Medicine and health
Individual keywords (German): partizipative Entscheidungsfindung , PEF , Patientenbeteiligung , Uroonkologie , Machtasymmetrie , PA-ME
Keywords (English): shared decision-making , patient-clinician interaction , patient participation , participation preference , power asymmetry , urology , urooncology , PA-ME
Abstract: The PA-ME assesses the patients’ perceived power asymmetry in their relationship with the clinician. Items were developed based on previous research (Arora et al., 2005; Joseph-Williams et al., 2014; Yamaguchi & Ota, 2012) and theoretical considerations regarding elicitors and consequences of perceived power asymmetry (Büdenbender, Köther, Grüne, et al., 2023). Items were then revised with feedback from urological patients (Selbsthilfe-Bund Blasenkrebs e. V.) [self-help association for bladder cancer]. Items assess feelings of social inferiority, patients’ expectations and assumptions about clinicians’ reactions, avoidance behavior caused by perceived power asymmetry, and how important the relationship to and perception by clinicians is to the patients. The 17 items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Sum scores are calculated and transformed with min-max normalization to range from 0 to 100 (PA-ME Score) for comparability to other scores in the research field (e.g. API-Uro; Büdenbender, Kriegmair, Köther, et al., 2021). Higher values indicate higher levels of perceived power asymmetry.
Translation of the title: PA-ME Fragebogen: Power Asymmetry in Medical Encounters (German)


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