An ecological momentary assessment approach of environmental triggers in the role of daily affect, rumination, and movement patterns in early alcohol use among healthy adolescents: Exploratory study

Prignitz, Maren ; Guldner, Stella ; Lehmler, Stephan Johann ; Aggensteiner, Pascal-Maurice ; Nees, Frauke

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DOI:	https://doi.org/10.2196/53401
URL:	https://mhealth.jmir.org/2024/1/e53401
URN:	urn:nbn:de:bsz:180-madoc-703724
Document Type:	Article
Year of publication:	2024
The title of a journal, publication series:	JMIR mHealth and uHealth : JMU
Volume:	12
Issue number:	Article e53401
Page range:	1-18
Place of publication:	Toronto
Publishing house:	JMIR Publications
ISSN:	2291-5222
Publication language:	English
Institution:	School of Social Sciences > Klinische Psychologie, Interaktions- und Psychotherapieforschung (Aguilar-Raab 2023-)
Pre-existing license:	Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
Subject:	150 Psychology
Keywords (English):	alcohol use , adolescence , affect , rumination , ecological momentary assessment , geospatial measures
Abstract:	Background: Adolescence is a period characterized by an increased susceptibility to developing risky alcohol consumption habits. This susceptibility can be influenced by social and situational factors encountered in daily life, which, in conjunction with emotions and thoughts, contribute to behavioral patterns related to alcohol use even in the early stages of alcohol experimentation, when initial experiences with alcohol are formed, and regular consumption is still evolving. Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between detailed behavioral and movement patterns, along with emotional and cognitive factors, and the early onset of alcohol use in the everyday lives of adolescents. Methods: A total of 65 healthy adolescents (33 male, twenty-nine 14-year-olds, and thirty-six 16-year-olds) underwent mobile-based ecological momentary assessments on alcohol (once a day at 9 AM, assessing alcohol use the day before), positive and negative affect, craving, rumination, and social context (6 prompts/day at 9 AM, 11 AM, 2 PM, 4 PM, 6 PM and 8 PM), type of day (weekdays or weekends, with weekend including Fridays, Saturdays, and Sundays), and using geospatial measures (specifically roaming entropy and number and type of trigger points for alcohol use met) over 14 days. After adjusting for a compliance rate of at least 50%, 52 participants (26 male and twenty-four 14-year-olds) were included in the analyses. Results: Generalized linear multilevel models revealed that higher positive affect (b=0.685, P=.007), higher rumination (b=0.586, P=.02), and a larger movement radius (roaming entropy) (b=8.126, P=.02) were positively associated with alcohol use on the same day. However, social context (b=–0.076, P=.90), negative affect (b=–0.077, P=.80), or potential trigger points (all P>.05) did not show significant associations. Alcohol use varied depending on the type of day, with more alcohol use on weekends (b=1.082, P<.001) and age (t50=–2.910, P=.005), with 16-year-olds (mean 1.61, SD 1.66) reporting more days of alcohol consumption than 14-year-olds (mean 0.548, SD 0.72). Conclusions: Our findings support previously identified factors as significant contributors to very early and low levels of alcohol consumption through fine-grained analysis of daily behaviors. These factors include positive affect, rumination, weekend days, and age. In addition, we emphasize that exploratory environmental movement behavior (roaming entropy) is also significantly associated with adolescent alcohol use, highlighting its importance as an additional factor.

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