Accounting enforcement and bank transparency under hierarchical supervision in a Banking Union


Bischof, Jannis ; Elfers, Ferdinand ; Rudolf, Nicolas



DOI: https://doi.org/10.2308/TAR-2023-0162
URL: https://publications.aaahq.org/accounting-review/a...
Document Type: Article
Year of publication Online: 2026
Date: 9 March 2026
The title of a journal, publication series: The Accounting Review
Volume: tba
Issue number: tba
Page range: 1-28
Place of publication: Sarasota, FL
Publishing house: American Accounting Association
ISSN: 0001-4826 , 1558-7967
Publication language: English
Institution: Business School > ABWL u. Unternehmensrechnung (Bischof 2015-)
Subject: 330 Economics
Classification: JEL: M41, M48, G20, G21, G28,
Keywords (English): single supervisory mechanism , asset quality review , loan loss provisions , financial institutions , international accounting , enforcement
Abstract: Banks often adjust their financial reporting in response to supervisory intervention. However, many banks operate under multiple supervisors with varying preferences. We examine how banks respond to such conflicting oversight within the European Banking Union, where the European Central Bank (ECB) is the central authority. The ECB’s Asset Quality Review revealed that its preferred asset valuations diverged from many banks’ IFRS-compliant practices that were previously accepted by local supervisors. Banks voluntarily aligned their reporting with the nonbinding preferences of the new central supervisor, although the adjustments varied across jurisdictions. Alignment was weaker when central and local supervisory objectives conflicted and stronger when joint supervision mitigated regulatory capture. Overall, these adjustments enhanced the informativeness of loan loss provisioning. With aligned reporting preferences across supervisory layers, the introduction of a central supervisor can thus significantly improve bank reporting and transparency, even without formal enforcement.


Economic SustainabilitySDG 8: Decent Work and Economic GrowthSDG 9: Industry, Innovation and InfrastructureSDG 16: Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions


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