Linking process and measurement models of recognition-based decisions

DOI:	https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000063
URL:	https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315771344...
Weitere URL:	http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/rev/124/4/442/
Dokumenttyp:	Zeitschriftenartikel
Erscheinungsjahr:	2017
Titel einer Zeitschrift oder einer Reihe:	Psychological Review
Band/Volume:	124
Heft/Issue:	4
Seitenbereich:	442-471
Ort der Veröffentlichung:	Washington, DC
Verlag:	American Psychological Assoc.
ISSN:	0033-295X , 1939-1471
Sprache der Veröffentlichung:	Englisch
Einrichtung:	Außerfakultäre Einrichtungen > GESS - CDSS (SOWI) Fakultät für Sozialwissenschaften > Kognitive Psychologie u. Differentielle Psychologie (Erdfelder 2002-2019)
Fachgebiet:	150 Psychologie
Abstract:	When making inferences about pairs of objects, one of which is recognized and the other is not, the recognition heuristic states that participants choose the recognized object in a noncompensatory way without considering any further knowledge. In contrast, information-integration theories such as parallel constraint satisfaction (PCS) assume that recognition is merely one of many cues that is integrated with further knowledge in a compensatory way. To test both process models against each other without manipulating recognition or further knowledge, we include response times into the r-model, a popular multinomial processing tree model for memory-based decisions. Essentially, this response-time-extended r-model allows to test a crucial prediction of PCS, namely, that the integration of recognition-congruent knowledge leads to faster decisions compared to the consideration of recognition only—even though more information is processed. In contrast, decisions due to recognition-heuristic use are predicted to be faster than decisions affected by any further knowledge. Using the classical German-cities example, simulations show that the novel measurement model discriminates between both process models based on choices, decision times, and recognition judgments only. In a reanalysis of 29 data sets including more than 400,000 individual trials, noncompensatory choices of the recognized option were estimated to be slower than choices due to recognition-congruent knowledge. This corroborates the parallel information-integration account of memory-based decisions, according to which decisions become faster when the coherence of the available information increases.