Surveys have been an important tool for researchers across various fields for many decades. Whenever researchers draw inference from survey data, they need to be certain that the responses in their dataset accurately reflect the true information researchers sought to measure. Discrepancies between respondents’ “true” answer and the response they provide in a survey may lead researchers to draw inaccurate or incorrect conclusions. In this dissertation I examine two potential sources of such discrepancies due to measurement error and their influence on respondents’ cognitive response process: Respondent inattention, a situation in which respondents do not read or comprehend the question and instead arbitrarily select a response option, and memory effects, a situation in which respondents recognize a question that they have answered before and are subsequently influenced in their later response.
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