Still with me? Assessing the persisting relationship to a deceased loved-one - validation of the “Continuing Bonds Scale” in a German population


Hopf, Dora ; Eckstein, Monika ; Ditzen, Beate ; Aguilar-Raab, Corina


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/00302228221076622
URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0030...
Additional URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359342394...
URN: urn:nbn:de:bsz:180-madoc-675792
Document Type: Article
Year of publication: 2024
The title of a journal, publication series: Omega : Journal of Death and Dying
Volume: 89
Issue number: 2
Page range: 623-648
Place of publication: Thousand oaks, Calif. ; London
Publishing house: Sage
ISSN: 0305-0483 , 1873-5274
Publication language: English
Institution: School of Social Sciences > Klinische Psychologie, Interaktions- und Psychotherapieforschung (Aguilar-Raab 2023-)
Pre-existing license: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
Subject: 150 Psychology
Abstract: Continuing the bond (CB) to a deceased loved one plays a clinically significant role in grief. We validated the Continuing Bonds Scale (CBS) examining externalized CB (illusions and hallucinations) versus internalized CB (use of the deceased as a secure base) in relation to risk factors of complicated grief and bereavement-related adjustment. Data from 364 bereaved German participants on CBS, Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG), and Posttraumatic Personal Growth Inventory (PPGI) entered an exploratory factor analysis. This yielded a two-factor-solution representing externalized and internalized CB (KMO = .89, χ2 = 2100.5, df = 120). Both factors demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .87). ICG and PPGI highly correlated with externalized and internalized CB. Cause of death and feelings of responsibility were associated with externalized CB. In the future, the use of the CBS could help predict problems in grief processing and consequently implement early interventions.




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