The development of children’s and adults’ use of kinematic cues for visual anticipation and verbal prediction of action


Melzel, Saskia ; Altvater-Mackensen, Nicole ; Ganglmayer, Kerstin ; Müller, Fabian ; Steinmassl, Konstantin ; Hauf, Petra ; Paulus, Markus


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106064
URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/...
URN: urn:nbn:de:bsz:180-madoc-681791
Document Type: Article
Year of publication Online: 2024
Date: 17 September 2024
The title of a journal, publication series: Journal of Experimental Child Psychology : JECP
Volume: 249
Issue number: tba, Article 106064
Page range: 1-25
Place of publication: Amsterdam [u.a.]
Publishing house: Elsevier
ISSN: 0022-0965 , 1096-0457
Publication language: English
Institution: School of Humanities > Anglistik I - Anglistische Linguistik/Synchronie (Altvater-Mackensen, 2022-)
Pre-existing license: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
Subject: 150 Psychology
Keywords (English): action anticipation , action prediction , simulation theory , low-level mechanisms ,implicit , explicit
Abstract: Expectations about how others’ actions unfold in the future are crucial for our everyday social interactions. The current study examined the development of the use of kinematic cues for action anticipation and prediction in 3-year-olds, 4-year-olds, 10-year-olds, and adults in two experiments. Participants observed a hand repeatedly reaching for either a close or far object. The motor kinematics of the hand varied depending on whether the hand reached for the close or far object. We assessed whether participants would use kinematic cues to visually anticipate (Experiment 1; N=98) and verbally predict (Experiment 2; N=80) which object the hand was going to grasp. We found that only adults, but not 3- to 10-year-olds, based their visual anticipations on kinematic cues (Experiment 1). This speaks against claims that action anticipations are based on simulating others’ motor processes and instead provides evidence that anticipations are based on perceptual mechanisms. Interestingly, 10-year-olds used kinematic cues to correctly verbally predict the target object, and 4-year-olds learned to do so over the trials (Experiment 2). Thus, kinematic cues are used earlier in life for explicit action predictions than for visual action anticipations. This adds to a recent debate on whether or not an implicit understanding of others’ actions precedes their ability to verbally reason about the same actions.




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