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Does remote match reality? Comparing the effectiveness of a self-help app for panic disorder and agoraphobia to face-to-face CBT
Spies, Justine
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Lang, Thomas
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Gerlach, Alexander L.
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Kircher, Tilo
;
Hamm, Alfons
;
Alpers, Georg W.
;
Fydrich, Thomas
;
Arolt, Volker
;
Deckert, Jürgen
;
Ströhle, Andreas
;
Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich
;
Helbig-Lang, Sylvia
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Psychol Psychother - 2025 - Spies - Does remote match reality Comparing the effectiveness of a self‐help app for panic.pdf
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DOI:
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https://doi.org/10.1111/papt.70012
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URL:
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https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10....
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URN:
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urn:nbn:de:bsz:180-madoc-707982
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Dokumenttyp:
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Zeitschriftenartikel
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Erscheinungsjahr:
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2026
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Titel einer Zeitschrift oder einer Reihe:
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Psychology and Psychotherapy
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Band/Volume:
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99
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Heft/Issue:
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1
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Seitenbereich:
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129-148
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Ort der Veröffentlichung:
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Oxford ; Hoboken, NJ
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Verlag:
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Wiley
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ISSN:
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1476-0835 , 2044-8341
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Sprache der Veröffentlichung:
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Englisch
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Einrichtung:
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Fakultät für Sozialwissenschaften > Klinische u. Biologische Psychologie u. Psychotherapie (Alpers 2010-)
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Bereits vorhandene Lizenz:
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 Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
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Fachgebiet:
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150 Psychologie
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Abstract:
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Background
Exposure-based CBT is highly effective in treating patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia; however, access to such treatments is often limited. Smartphone-based self-management apps offer a promising low-threshold treatment alternative to face-to-face therapy. Although such health apps have shown to be effective in reducing anxiety symptoms, comparisons to active treatments are still scarce. Therefore, this study compared the effectiveness of a self-help app to an established face-to-face CBT intervention for panic and agoraphobia.
Method
The present study conducts a post hoc comparison of two independent RCTs examining participants with panic disorder and/or agoraphobia. Interventions in both studies were based on the same CBT manual. Study 1 (n = 138) included face-to-face CBT; Study 2 addressed the effects of a digital self-help intervention (n = 57). Main outcomes comprised symptoms of both panic disorder and agoraphobia, depressive symptoms and agoraphobic avoidance. Data were analysed using linear mixed models in intent-to-treat and completer data sets.
Results
Linear mixed models showed that face-to-face treatment was superior to app treatment in reducing panic and agoraphobic symptoms (R2 = 0.32), depressive symptoms (R2 = 0.24) and agoraphobic avoidance (R2 = 0.12 and 0.15). Dropout rates did not differ significantly, and both interventions demonstrated high levels of adherence.
Discussion
Although a smartphone-based CBT intervention was effective in reducing symptoms of panic and agoraphobia, its efficacy was significantly below the effects of the same intervention delivered in face-to-face format. Thus, digital interventions might be most suitable within a stepped-care approach or to bridge waiting times for psychotherapy.
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 | Dieser Eintrag ist Teil der Universitätsbibliographie. |
 | Das Dokument wird vom Publikationsserver der Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim bereitgestellt. |
 Suche Autoren in
BASE:
Spies, Justine
;
Lang, Thomas
;
Gerlach, Alexander L.
;
Kircher, Tilo
;
Hamm, Alfons
;
Alpers, Georg W.
;
Fydrich, Thomas
;
Arolt, Volker
;
Deckert, Jürgen
;
Ströhle, Andreas
;
Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich
;
Helbig-Lang, Sylvia
Google Scholar:
Spies, Justine
;
Lang, Thomas
;
Gerlach, Alexander L.
;
Kircher, Tilo
;
Hamm, Alfons
;
Alpers, Georg W.
;
Fydrich, Thomas
;
Arolt, Volker
;
Deckert, Jürgen
;
Ströhle, Andreas
;
Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich
;
Helbig-Lang, Sylvia
ORCID:
Spies, Justine ; Lang, Thomas ; Gerlach, Alexander L. ; Kircher, Tilo ; Hamm, Alfons ; Alpers, Georg W.  ORCID: 0000-0001-9896-5158 ; Fydrich, Thomas ; Arolt, Volker ; Deckert, Jürgen ; Ströhle, Andreas ; Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich ; Helbig-Lang, Sylvia
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