This paper analyses the impact of public innovation subsidies on private innovation expenditure. In the empirical economic literature there is still no common support for the hypothesis of either a complementary or a substitutive relationship between public funding and private investment. We investigate whether firms of the German service sector increase their innovation effort when participating in public policy schemes. Cross-sectional data at the firm level are used to estimate the effect of subsidisation. Applying a non-parametric matching approach we find evidence that the hypothesis of complete crowding-out effects between public and private funds can be rejected.
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