Reciprocity is essential for cooperation and societal stability. This dissertation investigates the core and periphery of reciprocity and how anxiety affects both aspects. Three studies using multimodal approaches (resting-state and task-based fMRI, ERPs, and eye-tracking) were conducted. Study 1 identified that inter-network resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) between the DMN and CON predicts the core of reciprocity, while DMN intra-network RSFC predicts its periphery. Study 2 explored the neurocomputational mechanisms underlying the periphery, showing that advantageous inequity aversion mediates contextual effects on reciprocity, with amygdala and insula activity modulating these effects. Study 3 examined how anxiety alters reciprocity, revealing that high trait anxiety reduces reciprocity and guilt aversion, while also reversing the contextual effect on advantageous inequity aversion. These studies provide insights into the neural and computational mechanisms of reciprocity and how anxiety modulates these processes, with implications for promoting cooperative behavior in anxious individuals.
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